"But solid food is for the mature, who because of practice have their senses trained to discern good and evil."- Hebrews 5:14

Sunday, June 29, 2025

English Translations of John Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion

 

There are four main English translations of John Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion. They are those by Thomas Norton (1561),  John Allen (1813), Henry Beveridge (1845), and Ford Lewis Battles (1960). 


Text of Thomas Norton's Translation of Calvin's Institutes: https://archive.org/details/institutionofchr1578calv


Text of John Allen's translation of Volume 1 of 2 of Calvin's Institutes: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/45001

Text of John Allen's translation of Volume 2 of 2 of Calvin's Institutes: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/64392

Audio of Allen's translation: https://librivox.org/institutes-of-the-christian-religion-bks-1-4-allen-trans-by-john-calvin/


Text of Henry Beveridge's translation of Calvin's Institutes: https://ccel.org/ccel/calvin/institutes

Audio of Beveridge's translation of Volume 1: https://librivox.org/institutes-of-the-christian-religion-book-1-by-john-calvin/

Audio of Beveridge's translation of Volume 2: https://librivox.org/institutes-of-the-christian-religion-book-two-by-john-calvin/

Audio of Beveridge's translation of Volume 3: https://librivox.org/institutes-of-the-christian-religion-book-3-by-john-calvin/

Audio of Beveridge's translation of Volume 4: https://librivox.org/institutes-of-the-christian-religion-book-4-by-john-calvin/


Text of Ford Lewis Battles' translation of Calvin's Institutes:

Volume 1: https://media.sabda.org/alkitab-7/LIBRARY/CALVIN/CAL_BAT1.PDF

Volume 2: https://media.sabda.org/alkitab-7/LIBRARY/CALVIN/CAL_BAT2.PDF

Volume 3: https://media.sabda.org/alkitab-7/LIBRARY/CALVIN/CAL_BAT3.PDF

Volume 4: https://media.sabda.org/alkitab-7/LIBRARY/CALVIN/CAL_BAT4.PDF




Friday, June 27, 2025

John Davenant's Animadversions [A Defense of Calvinism]

 
According to 21st century theologian Michael Lynch, the famous Calvinist church historian William Cunningham said that in his time (19th century) the best defense of Calvinism available in his day was John Davenant's Latin book De Praedestinatione & Reprobatione. However, that book has never been translated into English. Nevertheless, according to Lynch much of the teachings and points Davenant makes in that work are also in his English work Animadversions [linked below]. The Latin work will eventually be translated into English according to Lynch. Cunningham's endorsement is especially noteworthy because Cunningham was an expert in the theology of church history and because Cunningham, himself a Calvinist, held to Owenian Limited Atonement whereas Davenant rejected an Owenian-like Limited Atonement in his Calvinism and held to a version of the atonement that can be labeled under Hypothetical Universalism, as Amyraldianism is labeled as well. Davenantianism's version is not as well known as Amyraldianism. Though, it should be because of how it's a view that arguably is compatible with both the canons of the Synod of Dort and the Westminster Confession of Faith even though it denies Owenian-like Limited Atonement. Also because while Amyraldianism is theologically in between 5 Point Calvinism and Arminianism, Davenant's Calvinism is in between Amyraldianism and 5 Point Calvinism. And therefore is much closer to standard confessional and historic Calvinism.


Davenant's Animadversions can be downloaded HERE:
https://www.google.com/books/edition/Animadversions_Written_by_the_Right_Reve/vaFkAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 

More works by Davenant can be found and downloaded HERE: https://www.prdl.org/author_view.php?a_id=232



Wednesday, June 25, 2025

Christian Biographies [Some Biopics]

 

In no particular order, the following are some videos and written biographies, documentaries, and  biopics [i.e. dramatic cinematic biographies] of past Christian leaders who I appreciate to some degree or another. 

John Wycliffe: The Morningstar | Full Movie | Peter Howell | Michael Bertenshaw | James Downie
https://youtu.be/t1V2cFsVUOM 

John Wycliffe: Morningstar (2022 Remake) | Full Movie | Philip Todd | Jared Morgan
https://youtu.be/CXY4lV0brds 

See also  John Wycliffe Morningstar at www.morningstarfilm.co.uk

 



Luther  The Life and Legacy of the German Reformer (Full Documentary)
https://youtu.be/6VK0p-tuuao 

Luther (2003 movie)
https://youtu.be/WIx82PuGfTk 

 See also the 1953 Martin Luther film, as well as the Luther film with actor Stacey Keach

 


Robber of the Cruel Streets: The Story of George Muller (2006) | Full Movie | Adam Stone  
https://youtu.be/D4KZEU7681w

GEORGE MULLER Documentary | A Cloud of Witnesses | FULL
https://youtu.be/TQ8DKz1mpa8


 Zwingli   German Full Movie   Biography Drama History
https://youtu.be/pv4XYNHf53I

 

The Life Story of Pastor Erwin Lutzer   
https://youtu.be/ROxWNJF6GRg 
See also his book autobiography: He Will Be the Preacher: The Story of God's Providence in My Life

 

UPCOMING: Gavin Ortlund's videos on Christian biographies

Jan Huss 

 

 

Davenantian Hypothetical Universalistic Atonement

As a Calvinist, I'm open to various views on the atonement, from Limited Atonement as popularized by John Owen, to other views, like General Atonement and mediating views like the Hypothetical Universal Atonement of Amyraldianism and Davanentianism [et al.]. If Amyraldianism's view of the atonement and salvation is somewhere in between Calvinism and Arminianism, John Davenant's views are in between 5 Point Calvinism that affirms Owenian Limited Atonement and Amyraldianism. So, Amyraldianism leans more towards Arminianism, while Davenantianism leans more toward Full 5 Point Calvinism and its affirmation of Limited Atonement. Of the non-Owenian Atonement views, I find Davenant's views most appealing.

The following are some YouTube videos on Atonement views that hold to Hypothetical Universalism. Most of the videos are on Davenantism, rather than Amyraldianism and other views. Apparently, Michael Lynch is an avid proponent of Danvenant's views on the atonement.

 


Episode 51: Michael Lynch on John Davenant's Hypothetical Universalism
https://youtu.be/mSSQKe7Nr8s

John Davenant’s Hypothetical Universalism, w/Michael J. Lynch
https://youtu.be/UCKlq7Sjs7k

John Davenant: Covenant Theology and Hypothetical Universalism?
https://youtu.be/40rcCERkUvI

That Christ Died for All: A Brief Case for Hypothetical Universalism from Bishop John Davenant
https://youtu.be/4mGlFz8jurk

The Reformed Doctrine of the Atonement: What is Hypothetical Universalism? (w/ Dr. Michael Lynch)
https://youtu.be/REf3p0XCAoI

Was Calvin a Hypothetical Universalist? Chapter 4 of Calvin and the Reformed Tradition
https://youtu.be/fiVHfnlBQ_M

Rethinking the Atonement: Davenant, Du Moulin, and Reformed Diversity – Chapter 5
https://youtu.be/gcCD5W9wFrI

173 - Michael Lynch on…Hypothetical Universalism??
https://youtu.be/C8_9xE0ksi8